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Again and Again in the Absolutely True Diary of a Part Time Indian

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2007 novel by Sherman Alexie

The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Fourth dimension Indian
The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian.jpg

First edition cover
Author Sherman Alexie
Illustrator Ellen Forney
Cover creative person Kirk Benshoff
Country U.s.
Language English
Genre Young adult fiction
Publisher Lilliputian, Brown and Company

Publication appointment

 September 12, 2007[one]
Media type Impress (hardback and paperback)
Pages 230
ISBN 978-0-316-01368-0
OCLC 154698238
LC Class PZ7.A382 Ab 2007

The Absolutely Truthful Diary of a Function-Fourth dimension Indian is a first-person narrative novel by Sherman Alexie, from the perspective of a Native American teenager, Arnold Spirit Jr., too known as "Junior", a xiv-twelvemonth-former promising cartoonist.[2] The volume is nigh Inferior'due south life on the Spokane Indian Reservation and his decision to go to a near all-white public high school abroad from the reservation. The graphic novel includes 65 comic illustrations that help further the plot.[3]

Although critically acclaimed, The Absolutely True Diary has also been the subject of controversy and has consistently appeared on the almanac list of frequently challenged books since 2008,[4] condign the well-nigh often challenged book from 2010 to 2019.[5] Controversy stems from the novel'southward depiction of booze, poverty, bullying, violence, sexuality, profanity and slurs related to homosexuality and mental inability. As a issue, dozens of schools have challenged it, and some schools have banned the book from school libraries or inclusion in curricula.[vi]

Plot [edit]

The book follows a fourteen-year-onetime Arnold Spirit Jr., also known equally "Junior", living with his family on the Spokane Indian Reservation near Wellpinit, Washington. It is told in diary way, moving from the offset of the school yr to the beginning of summertime. It includes both Junior'southward written record of his life and his cartoon drawings, some of them comically commenting on his situations, and others more than seriously depicting important people in his life. The Absolutely True Diary begins by introducing Inferior's birth defects: he was born with hydrocephalus and therefore is pocket-size for his age and suffers from seizures, poor eyesight, stuttering, and a lisp. As a consequence, Inferior has e'er been picked on past other people on the reservation. Junior's family is extremely poor and has limited admission to opportunities. When Junior'southward dog Oscar gets a heat stroke, his father must put him down (by, tragically, shooting him) because they cannot afford to take him to a veterinarian. Junior's only friend is his best friend Rowdy, who is abused at home and is known as a bully on the reservation. Despite his intimidating role, Rowdy often stands upwards for Junior and they bond by enjoying kids' comics.

Junior's first day of high school is pivotal to the plot of the novel. When Mr. P, his geometry teacher, passes him his textbook, he sees his mother'southward proper name in it and realizes how old the volume must exist. Angered and saddened by the fact that the reservation is so poor that information technology cannot afford new textbooks, Inferior violently throws the book, which hits Mr. P's face, breaking his olfactory organ. When he visits Junior at habitation, Mr. P convinces Junior to transfer to Reardan High School, sensing a degree of precociousness in the young teenager. The town of Reardan is far wealthier than Wellpinit—Junior is the but Indian at Reardan.[ii] Although Junior'south family is poor, and although the school is 22 miles away and transportation is unreliable, they back up him and do what they can to make it possible for him to stay in the new school. Rowdy, however, is upset past Junior's decision to transfer, and the once-best friends accept very fiddling contact during the twelvemonth.

Junior develops a crush on the school's most popular white girl, Penelope, and becomes report friends with an intelligent student named Gordy. His interactions with the white students give him a better perspective both on white civilisation and his own. He realizes how much stronger his family ties are than those of his white classmates, noticing that many of the white fathers never come to their children'south school events. Junior also realizes that the white students take different rules than those he grew up with, which is axiomatic when he reacts to an insult from the schoolhouse's star athlete, Roger, past punching him in the face. Junior hit him, as he would have been expected to do on the reservation, and he expects Roger to get revenge. Only Roger never does; in fact, Roger and his friends evidence Inferior more respect. Junior also gets closer to Penelope, which makes him more than popular with the other girls at the schoolhouse.

Roger suggests that Junior try out for the basketball team, and to Junior's surprise, he makes the varsity squad, which pits him against his former school, Wellpinit, and specifically Rowdy, who is Wellpinit's star freshman and has been leading them to first identify. Their get-go match demonstrates to Junior just how angry the reservation people are at him for transferring: when he enters the court, they boo and insult him. During the game, Rowdy elbows Inferior in the caput and knocks him unconscious and one of the fans throws a coin at Junior. While suffering some injuries from the game, Junior and his coach become closer equally Coach tells him that he admires Inferior'south commitment to the squad. Afterwards, his grandmother, whom Inferior looks up to the nigh on the reservation, is hitting and killed by a drunk commuter. After his grandmother's funeral, a family friend, Eugene, is shot in the face by his friend Bobby while drunkard after fighting over alcohol. After grieving and reflecting on his loved ones' deaths, Inferior plays in his basketball squad's 2d match against Wellpinit. Reardan wins and Junior gets to block Rowdy. Junior feels triumphant until he sees the Wellpinit players' faces after their defeat and remembers the difficulties they face at home and their lack of hope for a future; ashamed, he runs to the locker room, where he vomits and so breaks downwardly in tears. Subsequently, Junior receives news of the death of his sister and her husband who were killed in a burn at their trailer.

In the class of the year, Junior and his family unit suffered many tragedies, many related to booze abuse. These events examination Junior's sense of hope for a better time to come and make him wonder about the darker aspects of reservation civilization. Furthermore, the protagonist is torn betwixt the demand to fit in his new, all-white school and belongings on to his Indian heritage, leading him to face criticism from his own customs. Despite these challenges, they also aid him run into how much his family unit and his new friends love him, and he learns to see himself as both Indian and American. Meanwhile, Rowdy realizes that Junior is the only nomad on the reservation, which makes him more of a "traditional" Indian than anybody else in town. In the stop, Junior and Rowdy reconcile while playing basketball and resolve to correspond no matter where the future takes them.

Background [edit]

The Absolutely True Diary of a Function-Fourth dimension Indian is semi-autobiographical.[vii] The novel started as a section of Sherman Alexie's family memoir, but afterwards the persistence of a young adult editor, he decided to use it every bit a basis for his first immature developed novel.[8] Sherman Alexie commented, "If I were to guess at the percentage, it would be about lxx-eight percent true."[ix] Like Arnold, Sherman Alexie grew upwards on the Spokane Reservation in Wellpinit with an alcoholic begetter.[10] [xi] He was also born with hydrocephalus, simply Alexie did not have any speech impediments.[12] Alexie was also teased for his government-issued, horn-rimmed glasses and nicknamed "The Globe" by boyfriend students considering of his giant caput.[10] Another similarity between Alexie and his character Arnold is that Alexie also left the reservation to attend high school at Reardan Loftier, just Alexie chose to go to Reardan to achieve the required credits he needed to go to college.[10] Alexie became the star player of Reardan's basketball game team and was the only Indian on the team besides the school's team mascot.[10] The scene where Arnold finds that he is using the same textbook his female parent did thirty years earlier he is drawn from Alexie's own experiences. The only difference between Alexie'due south life and the novel is that Alexie threw the book against the wall out of anger, and did not hit anyone as Inferior did.[9]

In his own writing, Alexie unapologetically describes himself equally "kind of mixed upwards, kind of odd, not traditional. I'm a rez kid who'due south gone urban, and that'due south what I write about. I have never pretended to be otherwise."[13] "A smart Indian is a dangerous person," Alexie states in a personal essay, "[a smart Indian is] widely feared and ridiculed by Indians and non-Indians alike."[fourteen] Junior encapsulates this blazon of experience when he receives strong censure both from his tribal community and from his peers and teachers at his new school, Reardan. In the personal story, Alexie's continued caption of his own experience is reflected in Inferior'due south.[14] Alexie recalls, "I fought with my classmates on a daily footing. They wanted me to stay placidity when the non-Indian teacher asked for answers….[W]e were Indian children who were expected to be stupid. …[Due west]e were expected to fail in the non-Indian globe."[14] Through Junior'southward success at Reardan and his realizations well-nigh life on the reservation, Alexie represents a possibility for the success of Native American children—by defeating the expectation that he is doomed to fail, Junior defeated what he thought he couldn't.[14] Alexie's reflections once again demonstrate that Junior's experiences are semi-autobiographical.

Characters [edit]

Agnes (Adams) Spirit (Junior'due south Mother)
A Spokane Indian, Agnes has lived on the reservation her unabridged life. She is a bad liar, likes to read books, and is considered to be very smart by her children. She is an ex-alcoholic and is seen as eccentric by Junior: "She'due south a human tape recorder," Inferior explains, "Really, my mom tin read the newspaper in fifteen minutes and tell me baseball game scores, the location of every war, the latest guy to win the lottery, and the high temperature in Des Moines, Iowa."[a]
Arnold Spirit (Junior's Father)
An alcoholic, but very supportive. Even though he sometimes disappears, he tries to take intendance of his family unit and he often drives Junior to Reardan. He plays the piano, the guitar, and the saxophone. He could have been a jazz musician, given more time and money.[a]
Arnold Spirit Jr. AKA Junior
Nicknamed Inferior, Arnold is a fourteen-year-old boy who lives on the Spokane Indian Reservation. He enjoys playing basketball game and drawing cartoons in his gratuitous fourth dimension. Junior and his family, forth with the others on the reservation, feel the daily furnishings of poverty and fiscal shortcomings—there is often not plenty food to eat in their home or enough money to fill the gas tank in the car, forcing him to hitchhike to school or not become at all. He is incredibly smart; he transfers from the school on the reservation to Reardan, where almost all the students are white.
Double-decker
The coach of the basketball team at Reardan High School. Unlike the teachers who are apprehensive of Junior'southward attendance at Reardan, the coach pays no attending to Junior's race. He is supportive of Inferior both on and off the court.[b] The autobus becomes a father figure for Junior in many means, but also becomes an exemplary friend, helping Junior through difficult times dealing with playing against his dwelling reservation. The novel never gives a proper name to him, as he is always referred to as coach.
Dawn
When Arnold Spirit was twelve years old, he loved this daughter. She was his first beat out. He thought nearly Dawn when he said to Rowdy that he loved Penelope.
Eugene
The best friend of Junior's father. "Eugene was a dainty guy, and like an uncle to me, simply he was drunk all the time,"[c] Inferior reveals. He becomes an Emergency Medical Technician (EMT) for the tribal ambulance service, and, for a brief fourth dimension, drives a 1946 Indian Principal Roadmaster. Eugene dies afterwards his close friend Bobby shoots him in the face during a dispute over alcohol. Bobby hangs himself in jail.
Gordy
Gordy is a student who attends Reardan, wears glasses, and does everything in the name of science. Gordy always speaks in a sophisticated and proper manner throughout the novel. He is one of the smartest students at the school and he eventually becomes Junior's showtime real friend at Reardan. Gordy as well helps Junior with schoolwork and encourages his enjoyment of reading books.
Grandmother Spirit
Junior's Grandma. She is Junior'southward source of communication and support until she dies afterward being hit by a drunk driver while walking on the side of the road on her way home subsequently a powwow. Her dying words were "Forgive him," which meant that she wanted her family unit to forgive the drunk driver, Gerald, for hit and killing her. Ironically, she never had a drink in her life. She was also extremely tolerant and loving of all people. Junior's grandma is his favorite person in the earth. "My grandmother's last act on earth was a call for forgiveness, beloved, and tolerance," Junior recalls on page 157.[d]
Mary
Junior's sister. Mary has long hair and is nicknamed "Mary Runs Abroad". She likes to write romance stories and is considered by Junior to be "beautiful and strong and funny". She was smart, merely did non have the skills to get a job.[e] After loftier school, she did not go to college or get a task; instead, she moved to Montana with her new husband she met at the reservation casino. Mary and her new husband die of a fire in their trailer abode after a partygoer forgot most a boiling pot of soup. A mantle drifted onto the hot plate and the trailer was quickly engulfed. Junior was told that Mary never woke upwardly because she was too drunk.
Melinda
Melinda works in the part of Reardan High School. She is 50 years old.
Mr. P

Junior's white geometry teacher at Wellpinit High School. He mentored Mary, Junior'south older sister, and wants to help Junior get out the reservation. Mr. P regrets the way he treated his students when he was younger. He had been taught to beat the Indian out of the children. He is short and bald, and incredibly absent-minded. He ofttimes forgets to come up to schoolhouse, but "he doesn't expect much of [his students]."[f] A major turning betoken in Diary 'due south plot occurs when Inferior throws his math volume at Mr. P after a realization about the reservation'due south poverty.

Penelope
Junior'southward beat out and good friend from Reardan High. She has blonde pilus and Junior thinks that she is very bonny. She enjoys helping others, is bulimic, and has a racist father named Earl. She is popular and plays on the Reardan volleyball team. She is obsessed with leaving the small town behind and traveling the world. She initially decides to be close with Junior, fed up with the conformity of the town; simply closer to the finish of the novel, she does become Junior'south girlfriend.
Roger
Roger is a jock at Reardan Loftier Schoolhouse. Upon coming together Junior, Roger uses racial slurs to demean him, and eventually it gets and so racist that Junior retaliates past punching him in the face. Contrary to Junior's expectations, Roger then begins to respect Junior, and the two gradually become friends. Furthermore, Roger obtains a part as a kind of advisor and protector of Junior, occasionally helping him monetarily and other times with advice.
Rowdy
Rowdy is Junior'south best friend.[15] He is "long and lean & strong like a snake."[1000] Throughout the novel, Rowdy's male parent abuses him, which leads to his groovy-like behavior. He likes reading comics, such equally Archie. The comics help him escape the troubles of the existent globe. Junior and Rowdy have been the all-time of friends since they were petty, and Rowdy has often taken on the role of Junior's protector. However, as Inferior leaves the reservation school, Rowdy feels betrayed past his best friend and turns into Inferior's "arch nemesis" during the novel.[15] Fifty-fifty though Rowdy develops a passionate hatred for Junior through the betrayal he felt, they are able to eventually overcome their situation and become friends once again by the cease of the novel.
Ted
This billionaire came to Grandmother Spirits funeral to requite back a powwow dancing outfit. Only it was not an outfit from the Spokane Indians and so he drove away.

Reception [edit]

Reviews [edit]

Bruce Barcott of The New York Times said in a 2007 review, "For 15 years now, Sherman Alexie has explored the struggle to survive betwixt the grinding plates of the Indian and white worlds. He's washed it through various characters and genres, but The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian may be his best piece of work yet. Working in the vox of a fourteen-year-one-time forces Alexie to strip everything down to action and emotion, so that reading becomes more than like listening to your smart, funny best friend recount his solar day while waiting after schoolhouse for a ride home."[16]

The New York Times opined that this was Alexie's "first foray into the young adult genre, and it took him just i volume to master it."[sixteen] The San Francisco Chronicle praised information technology as "[a] cracking volume full of pain, but luckily, the pain is spiked with joy and sense of humour."[17]

Reviewers as well commented on Alexie'south treatment of difficult bug. Delia Santos, a publisher for the civilrights.org page, noted, "Alexie fuses words and images to depict the difficult journey many Native Americans face. … Although Inferior is a immature adult, he must face up the reality of living in utter poverty, debate with the discrimination of those outside of the reservation, cope with a community and a family ravaged and often killed by alcoholism, break cultural barriers at an all-White high schoolhouse, and maintain the perseverance needed to hope and work for a better future."[18] [19] Andrew Fersch, a publisher for Vail Daily, commented, "nigh folks cake out most of their teenage memory, [while] Alexie embraced it with humor."[20]

In another review published in November 2022 by Dakota Student website, author Breanna Roen says that she has never seen the style that this volume, The Admittedly Truthful Diary of a Role-Time Indian, conveys so much happiness, dearest, and grief.[21] Alexie'south work in this novel can't be compared to other Native American books; information technology is "a whole different ball game," Roen asserts.[21] The review continues to state that the theme regarding identity, home, race, poverty, tradition, friendship, hope and success is seen throughout the entire volume, leaving the readers on the edge of their seats and wanting more.[21] Roen says that she could inappreciably put the book down and is avidly looking for something similar.[21]

In the review, "A Brave Life: The Existent Struggles of a Native American Boy make an Uplifting Story" published in The Guardian, author Diane Samuels says that Alexie'south volume has a "combination of drawings, pithy turns of phrase, artlessness, tragedy, despair and hope … [that] makes this more than an entertaining read, more an engaging story near a N American Indian kid who makes information technology out of a poor, dead-end background without losing his connexion with who he is and where he'south from."[22] In some areas, Samuels criticizes Alexie'south stylistic reliance on the cartoons.[22] Even so, she continues to say that for the most role, Sherman Alexie has a talent for capturing the details and overview in a well-developed and snappy mode.[22] Samuels finishes her review by stating that: "Opening this book is like meeting a friend you'd never brand in your actual life and being given a piece of his earth, inner and outer. It's humane, authentic and, almost of all, it speaks."[22]

In the review "Using The Absolutely Truthful Diary of a Function-Fourth dimension Indian to Teach About Racial Germination," Miami University professor Kevin Talbert says that Alexie chose to narrate the story through the eyes of 14-year-old Junior to transport his readers into "uncomfortable or incongruent spaces."[23] He continues to say that the novel's writing allows for topics about class and racial struggles to be intertwined with more common adolescent struggles like sexual desires, decision-making hormones, and managing relationships with friends and family. Furthermore, Talbert believes that, different other Young Adult novels, this volume captures issues of race and course in a way that reaches a wider audience.[23] The article also states that Inferior's narration in the novel sends a message to society, "that adolescents have important things to say, that being xiv years quondam matters."[23]

Disquisitional estimation [edit]

Dr. Bryan Ripley Crandall, director of the Connecticut Writing Project at Fairfield University, posits in his critical essay "Adding a Disability Perspective When Reading Adolescent Literature: Sherman Alexie'south The Absolutely Truthful Diary of a Function-Time Indian" that the book presents a progressive view of inability.[24] Arnold has what he calls "water on the brain", which would correctly exist referred to as hydrocephalus. Crandall points out that Arnold is never held back by his disability, simply in fact laughs at himself: "With my large anxiety and pencil torso, I looked like a capital L walking downward the road."[1] According to Crandall, the illustrations past Ellen Forney, which are meant to be the cartoons that Arnold draws, correspond a new manner for the disabled narrator to communicate with the readers: they "initiate further interpretations and conversations about how students perceive others who are not similar them, especially individuals with disabilities."[24] Arnold'southward hydrocephaly doesn't prevent him from becoming a basketball star at his new school. His disability fades every bit a plot device every bit the book progresses.[1]

David Goldstein, in his paper "Sacred Hoop Dreams: Basketball in the Work of Sherman Alexie", analyses the importance of basketball in the novel. He suggests that it represents "the tensions between traditional lifeways and contemporary social realities."[25] According to Goldstein, Junior/Arnold sees losing at basketball as "losing at life." The Reardan kids are eternal winners because of their victories on the court: "Those kids were magnificent."[1] Goldstein notes how basketball is likewise a sport of poverty in America — "information technology costs virtually nothing to play, and then is appropriate for the reservation."[25]

Nerida Weyland'south article, "Representations of Happiness in Comedic Young Adult Fiction: Happy Are the Wretched" describes how Inferior/Arnold is an example of the complex, not-innocent child often presented in modern young developed literature.[26] As detailed in Alyson Miller's "Unsuited to Historic period Grouping: The Scandals of Children's Literature," gild has created an "innocence of the arcadian child"; Alexie's protagonist is the opposite of this figure.

Co-ordinate to Weyland, Alexie doesn't play by the rules – the use of humor in the volume is directed at established "power hierarchies, dominant social ideologies or topics deemed taboo".[26] Weyland suggests that the outsized effect of this characteristic of the volume is revealed in the controversy its publication caused, every bit it was banned and challenged in schools all over the country.[26] Weyland states that Alexie'southward book with Forney's black-comedy illustrations explore themes of "racial tension, domestic violence, and social injustice" in a never-earlier-done way.[26] As an case, Alexie uses the anecdote of the killing of Junior's dog, Oscar, to expand on the idea of social mobility, or lack thereof – Junior states that he understood why the dog had to be killed rather than taken to the vet, considering his parents were poor and they "came from poor people who came from poor people who came from poor people, all the style back to the very first poor people."[26] [27] Weyland notes how readers are probable to be uncomfortable with Junior/Arnold/Alexie making light of topics of such importance (racism, poverty, alcoholism) through the use of dark comedy.[26]

Awards [edit]

Alexie won three major "twelvemonth'southward best" awards for Diary, a biannual laurels for books by and well-nigh Native Americans, and a California award that annually covers the concluding four years. The awards are listed beneath:

  • 2007 National Volume Award for Young People's Literature.[28]
  • 2008 American Indian Youth Literature Awards. American Indian Library Clan Best Young Developed Book. In 2022 AILA rescinded this laurels, due to many allegations of predatory behaviour.[29]
  • 2008 American Library Association'due south All-time Books for Young Adults[thirty]
  • 2008 Boston Globe-Horn Book Award, Fiction and Poetry.[nine]
  • 2009 Odyssey Award as the year'south "best audiobook for children or young adults", read by Alexie (Frederick, MD: Recorded Books, LLC, 2008, ISBN 1-4361-2490-5).[31]
  • 2010 California Young Reader Medal, Young Adult Book (eligible to win once during its get-go 4 years).[32]

Diary was as well named to several annual lists including iii by the United States' library manufacture (not including beingness banned).

  • "Best Books of 2007", Schoolhouse Library Journal. [33]
  • 2008 "Top X All-time Books for Young Adults", Immature Adult Library Services Association (YALSA).[34]
  • 2009 "Amazing Audiobooks for Young Adults", YALSA.[35]

Controversy [edit]

The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian has been at the center of many controversies due to the book'southward themes and content, too equally its target audience of immature adults. The volume has both fervent supporters and concerned protesters: "some people thought it was the greatest book ever, and some people idea it was the most perverted book ever," said Shawn Tobin, a superintendent of a Georgia school district.[36]

Censorship [edit]

The Absolutely Truthful Diary of a Part-Time Indian was the most-challenged book in the United states of america from 2010 to 2019[five] and was named one of the top ten most challenged books in 2010 (2), 2011 (5), 2012 (2), 2013 (3), 2022 (1), 2022 (two), 2022 (9), and 2022 (5).[iv] The book has been challenged for the following reasons:[37] [4]

  • Acknowledging poverty, alcoholism, and sexuality
  • Allegations of sexual misconduct past the author
  • Offensive language/Profanity
  • Cultural insensitivity
  • Deemed anti-family
  • Depictions of bullying
  • Gambling
  • Racism
  • References to drugs, alcohol, and smoking
  • Religious viewpoint (anti-Christian content)
  • Sex activity education
  • Sexual references
  • Unsuited for age group
  • Violence
Antioch Township, Illinois (2009)

Local parents caught wind of the volume's references to alcoholism, sensitive cultural topics, and sexual innuendos: at the beginning of June, 7 Antioch parents attended a 117th District School Board meeting to asking that the book be removed from the curriculum.[38] However, the novel was not banned from Antioch High School's curriculum following the controversy. Instead, the English Department introduced an alternative option for summer reading—students who preferred to read John Hart'due south Downwardly River were permitted to exercise so.[39]

Cheat Canton, Oregon (2009)

In Prineville, Oregon ane parent raised objections to the schoolhouse board virtually how the volume contains references to masturbation and is generally inappropriate. In response, the Crook County School District temporarily removed the book from classrooms. The removal was upheld, merely the book remained available to students in school libraries.[39]

Stockton, Missouri (2010)

A parent complained to the Stockton School District Lath near the violence, language, and sexual content. The lath voted to ban the volume from school libraries. The decision was voted upon multiple times, but the ban was ultimately upheld.[39]

Newcastle, Wyoming (2010)

In 2010, Wyoming's Newcastle Heart School attempted to include Diary in its 8th form English curriculum. At first, the district immune information technology under the premise that children who were not allowed to read it would bring a signed paper assuasive them to read the alternating book Tangerine. Nearly 2 weeks later on the announcement was made to the 8th graders, the school board banned instruction it in a curriculum, just nevertheless allowed it in the library for those who wished to read information technology.[xl]

Helena, Montana (2011)

In 2011, one parent in the Helena School District objected to the book's "obscene, vulgar, and pornographic language." Nonetheless, the school district voted to retain the book in schools.[39]

Richland, Washington (2011)

In 2011, a 9th class Language Arts teacher at the Richland Public High Schoolhouse piloted Diary in his curriculum, and with the help of his students, reported to the schoolhouse's board on the inclusion of the book in a high school curriculum.[41] Parents of students in the form were notified ahead of time that the teacher was interested in the volume; as a result, parents were able to opt their student out of reading the novel if they so chose.[41]

In June 2011, the schoolhouse board voted iii–2 to remove the book from the school entirely. Lath members had not read the volume but cited the split Instructional Materials Commission vote as the reason to ban the novel.[41]

The board members afterwards learned that some members of the Instructional Materials Committee had not read the book, and then the board members agreed to vote again, simply read it for themselves before the vote.[42] On July eleven, 2011, the school board voted four–1 to reverse its before decision.[42]

Dade County, Georgia (2012)

In 2012, the volume was removed from the Dade Canton school libraries and required high school reading lists due to complaints about "vulgarity, racism, and anti-Christian content".[39]

Mattapoisett, Massachusetts (2012)

In 2012 in the Old Rochester Regional Junior High School, the volume was challenged as an 8th grade English assignment, only ultimately retained by the school.[39]

Union County, New Jersey (2012)

In 2012, the book was challenged in 9th grade English classes in Westfield High School for "very sensitive material in the book including excerpts on masturbation among other explicit sexual references, encouraging pornography, racism, religious irreverence, and strong linguistic communication." However, the schoolhouse board decided to retain the book equally part of the curriculum.[39]

Yakima, Washington (2013)

Sherman Alexie'due south Diary was challenged in his dwelling state of Washington, merely a few hours drive away from where the semi-autobiographical work is set. The dispute over the volume'due south appropriateness for high school students took place in the West Valley School District in 2013. Specifically, many parents claimed that the book contains inappropriate and sexual content and language that are unsuitable for high school students.[43]

Equally of at present, there have been iv official complaints about the volume that have been recorded.[43] Resultantly, Alexie's volume was removed from tenth-grade classes and made supplemental literature for 11th and twelfth grades, instead of required reading.[43]

Queens, New York (2014)

A eye schoolhouse in Queens removed Diary from required reading due to the references to masturbation, which the school considered inappropriate for middle schoolers.[39]

Billings, Montana (2014)

The book was challenged on the 10th form reading list at Skyview High School, where a parent complained, "This book is, shockingly, written past a Native American who reinforces all the negative stereotypes of his people and does it from the crude, obscene, and unfiltered viewpoint of a ninth-grader growing up on the reservation." The book was not removed from the school list.[39]

Jefferson County, West Virginia (2013)

A Jefferson County parent complained about the novel's graphic nature, resulting in the volume being pulled from all county schools.[39]

Sweet Home, Oregon (2014)

Some parents of students of a Sweet Home Inferior Loftier English language class voiced concerns about the volume's content, specifically the objectification of women and immature girls. The concerns resulted in the book existence officially challenged.[39]

Westward Ada Schoolhouse District, Idaho (2014)

In Apr 2014, Diary was pulled from the Meridian district's supplemental reading list after significant parental disapproval of the novel's subject field matter.[44] The volume had been a role of its curriculum since 2010. Students protested to remove the ban but were unsuccessful.[44]

According to Marshall University Libraries, in 2022 the text was banned from the Acme (ID) school districts' required texts due to parents lament that it "discusses masturbation, contains profanity, and has been viewed as anti-Christian."[45]

Brunswick, N Carolina (2014)

On July 1, 2014, a grandmother in Brunswick, N Carolina, filed a complaint against Diary at Cedar Grove Middle Schoolhouse. 2 weeks later, the school's Media Informational Committee met and unanimously agreed to keep the book in its curriculum because the committee saw the value in "the realistic depiction of bullying and racism, also equally a demand for tolerance and sensation of cultural differences."[46] The grandmother, Frances Wood, appealed the decision, remaining determined that "[t]his book is non morally acceptable… Everything in it is degrading. There's cipher uplifting in it."[47]

I twelvemonth later, Wood challenged the volume however again, this time at West Brunswick High School. Wood lost this protestation confronting the book when the chief of West Brunswick High School responded a few days subsequently that the county school board's policy was that their determination on a volume held for all schools in the county, and that those decisions could non be revisited for two years.[48]

Highland Park, Texas (2015)

In 2015, the superintendent of the Highland Park Independent School District suspended Diary from the school approved book list. The suspension was very brief, and the superintendent reinstated the book before long after.[39]

Hastings-On-Hudson, New York (2020)

In 2020, the book was assigned to an eighth form English language Language Arts class at Farragut Middle School. Upon a passage containing the give-and-take nigger and sexual intercourse with an animal existence read aloud in class without adequate preparation by the teacher, information technology was reported that this caused "psychological impairment" to an African American student and that members of the school customs felt "uncomfortable and marginalized while reading and discussing this volume." Information technology was decided to immediately cease word of the book to forestall farther impairment. The book will be re-evaluated by the English department for hereafter use.[49]

Defense of the novel [edit]

Alexie has defended the novel by emphasizing the positive learning opportunities readers gain from exposure to these harsh aspects of contemporary life. He describes his own experience of adults trying to hide and protect him from suffering and hardship:

"all during my childhood, would-be saviors tried to rescue my fellow tribal members. They wanted to rescue me. But, even then, I could merely laugh at their platitudes. In those days, the cultural conservatives idea that KISS and Black Sabbath were going to impede my moral evolution. They wanted to protect me from sex when I had already been raped. They wanted to protect me from evil though a future serial killer had already abused me. They wanted me to profess my love for God without considering that I was the kid and grandchild of men and women who'd been sexually and physically abused by generations of clergy."[50]

Alexie said that students were besides able to connect his story to their own hard experiences with "depression, attempted suicide, gang warfare, sexual and physical corruption, absentee parents, poverty, racism, and learning disabilities". He noted:

"I have yet to receive a letter from a child somehow devitalized by the domestic violence, drug abuse, racism, poverty, sexuality, and murder independent in my book. To the contrary, kids as young as ten have sent me autobiographical letters written in crayon, consummate with drawings inspired by my volume, that are but as night, terrifying, and redemptive every bit anything I've ever read."[50]

The book has been credited with addressing the experiences and issues faced by Native American students in the public schoolhouse system.[51]

Some have even discussed the merits of the volume while too mentioning the risks of exposing children to the harsher scenes. In an essay on censorship, young adult fiction author Raquel Rivera wrote:

"Information technology is an excellent volume and happens to accept much useful fabric for a male child entering his teens... Just in that location is a scene in Part-Fourth dimension Indian in which a racist joke is told, and the protagonist is compelled to fight. For me, the joke was nothing more than than a tool to propel the plot. In the story information technology is duly vanquished and forgotten. But the joke stayed with my son, and he continued to exist bothered by information technology."[52]

Historical trauma of the Spokane Indians [edit]

The autobiographical nature of the novel reflects the internal struggle for identity that Alexie dealt with as a child. His personal experiences then tie into the idea of the trauma that Native American tribes alive with as they even so struggle to balance assimilation with identity. This phenomenon has been explored and analyzed since the publication of the novel.

Jan Johnson, clinical banana professor of American Indian and African American Literatures at the University of Idaho, utilizes Alexie'south novel to explore the thought of marginalization and oppression in Native American communities in her article, "Healing The Soul Wound".[53] Johnson identifies the "soul wound," the deep-seated trauma Native Americans have endured since colonization and continue to struggle with.[53] This term explains how the consequent delineation of Native American people as suffering and helpless has get ingrained into their identity.[53] Johnson writes, "Alexie feels that—as a outcome of this grim history—suffering and trauma are fundamental to the experience of beingness Native American. Ceaseless suffering attains an epistemological condition."[53] Johnson uses the novel to illustrate her thoughts well-nigh the time to come of the Native American civilisation. The Spokane Indians, and tribes like them, confront the trauma of searching for an identity in a world that attempts to envelop 1's civilisation. Johnson argues that Alexie uses Diary to represent the potential for healing the traumas that Native American tribes take faced throughout history.[54]

In Sherman Alexie, A Collection of Critical Essays, critics Jeff Burglund and Jan Roush interpret Jan Johnson's definition of the soul wound as "intergenerational suffering."[55] On pages 10 and 11 of Diary, Alexie elaborates on the concept of generational poverty when he reveals that Inferior's family is too poor to intendance for the family's sick canis familiaris: "My parents came from poor people who came from poor people who came from poor people, all the fashion dorsum to the very first poor people," he writes.[56] Junior is "wounded," which Alexie shows through Junior'south alcoholic begetter, his misguided sister, and his defeating social life. Through Diary, Alexie aims to make a larger argument near the need for change in both the internal structure and the external perception of Native American communities in the U.s.a..[xiv] Columbus and his men colonized the new land they encountered in horrid ways that macerated Native people of annihilation they had. Violent invasions by Columbus and his crew left the Indians with nothing to call their own. Sacred country, animals, plants, and relatives were all lost during the time of what Maria Xanthous Brave Eye and Lemyra DeBruyn called the "American Indian Holocaust."[54] The ones that were somewhat fortunate enough to stay alive were brainwashed of everything they knew, and were forced to believe and follow the religious practices of the Christian organized religion despite the fact it was not what they believed in. The Indians were also forced to relocate and exit everything, which led to many of them dying due to illness or unbearable conditions they had to walk in.[57] Some Native peoples are still afflicted by this trauma.[57] Many debate that "historical unresolved grief" is the crusade of high crime rates and mental wellness problems among Native American people today.[57] Maria Xanthous Horse Brave Middle and Lemyra DeBruyn explain the meaning behind "historical disenfranchised grief" and how it is overlooked by Americans. American Indians are experiencing disenfranchised grief because of how this grouping of people was and notwithstanding is seen equally fell, emotionless, and lacking of right or reason to mourn and grieve.[57]

Multicultural literature [edit]

At that place are many arguments for why The Admittedly True Diary of a Part-Time Indian is an example of multicultural literature. A textbook called Sherman Alexie in the Classroom was recently published in order to help teachers and educators explore how multicultural texts tin touch the learning outcome of students––especially for Native Americans in the modern times. This text explores the significance and the bulletin backside the works of Sherman Alexie, including verse, novels, films strips, and much more than.

The Absolutely True Diary of a Role-Time Indian is a multicultural text that many English teachers use in order to educate their students about the Native American heritage. The author, Alexie, himself is of the Spokane heritage, and as a result, he uses his own background and personal experiences to write this specific novel in a semi-autobiographical format.[58] Teachers refer to the textbook, Sherman Alexie in the Classroom, to merits that the volume provides an opportunity to educate not-Native American students to "work through their white guilt and develop anti-racist perspectives."[58]

In an interview, Alexie stated that, "The main audience is college-educated white women, and then that'southward who reads everything. If you want to talk almost an indication of that--certainly this book is geared towards young adults, but I was at the American Library Association convention in DC a couple of weeks ago, and in that location were something similar 15,000 librarians at that place and 99 per centum of them were white women so ... Thank God ... they seem to be the people most willing to ignore barriers and boundaries and to reach across, so that's who my audience is in reality. In this book, specifically, I'm really hoping it reaches a lot of native kids certainly, merely also poor kids of any diversity who experience trapped past circumstance, past culture, past low expectations, I'm hoping information technology helps them become out."[59]

Alexie also wants his "literature to concern the daily lives of Indians. [He] think[s] nearly Native American literature is so obsessed with nature that [he doesn't] think it has any useful purpose". Alexis was quoted saying, "There'south a kid out there, some male child or girl who will exist that great writer, and hopefully they'll see what I do and go inspired past that".[60]

Furthermore, Alexie's texts encourage educators to initiate discussions in their classrooms nearly the Native American civilization as a whole.[58] Many stereotypes of Native Americans exist in the United States; therefore, many people have erroneous views of what modernistic Native Americans' lives are like. 11th and twelfth form English teacher, Bryan Ripley Crandall, believes that learning well-nigh different cultural backgrounds creates a various learning surroundings.[61] Crandall also states that the Native American narrative of Alexie's book is a fashion of giving minority students an admission to their own background and heritage within an American education.[61] Therefore, Alexie's multicultural literature of The Admittedly True Diary of a Office-Time Indian provides an expanded perspective of the daily lives of Native Americans living on the reservation in today's world.[58]

Media [edit]

Audiobook [edit]

The author Sherman Alexie himself narrates the audiobook of The Absolutely True Diary Of A Part-Time Indian, which has won many awards for its creation of an idiosyncratic, kickoff-person voice.[62] "Alexie is the perfect choice to read his own story," notes critic Kristi Jemtegaard.[62] Alexie is able to convey the messages that the missing cartoons, caricatures, and sketches reveal in the printed text.[62] Alexie, who has experience as an orator, won the Taos Poetry Circus Globe Heavyweight Title award iii years in a row for his oratorical virtuosity.[10]

Film accommodation [edit]

According to The Hollywood Reporter, in December 2016, Fox 2000 Pictures acquired the rights to produce The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian. The producing team consists of Hugh Jackman, Wyck Godfrey, Isaac Klausner, and Lauren Shuler Donner. The film is currently under development, and a gear up release engagement has non been announced every bit of yet.

Notes [edit]

  1. ^ a b Alexie, p. 13.
  2. ^ Alexie, p. 148.
  3. ^ Alexie, p. lxx.
  4. ^ Alexie, p. 157.
  5. ^ Alexie, p. 28.
  6. ^ Alexie, p. 32.
  7. ^ Alexie, p. 15.

References [edit]

The Absolutely Truthful Diary

Other

  1. ^ a b c d Alexie, Sherman (2007-09-12). The Admittedly True Diary of a Part-Time Indian. ISBN9780316013680 . Retrieved 2015-04-15 – via Google Books.
  2. ^ a b "Reviews". Publishers Weekly. 254 (33): 70–71. 2007.
  3. ^ Attenberg, Jami (2007). "Admittedly Fabulous". Print. 61 (5): 16. Retrieved five March 2012.
  4. ^ a b c Office for Intellectual Freedom (2013-03-26). "Peak ten About Challenged Books Lists". American Library Association . Retrieved 2021-06-14 . {{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-condition (link)
  5. ^ a b American Library Association (2020-09-09). "Superlative 100 Most Banned and Challenged Books: 2010-2019". Advocacy, Legislation & Issues . Retrieved 2021-03-06 . {{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-condition (link)
  6. ^ McNamee, Gregory (2011). "Absolutely True Tales of Censorship". Kirkus Reviews. 79 (16).
  7. ^ Alexie, Sherman (2009-04-01). Schoolhouse Library Periodical. ISBN978-0316013697.
  8. ^ Margolis, Rick (2007). "Song of Myself". Schoolhouse Library Journal. 53 (8): 29. Retrieved v March 2012.
  9. ^ a b c "Fiction and Poetry Award Winner: The Absolutely Truthful Diary Of A Part-Time Indian". Horn Volume Magazine. 85 (1): 25–28. 2009.
  10. ^ a b c d e Cline, Lynn (2000). "Near Sherman Alexie". Ploughshares. 26 (4): 197.
  11. ^ Barcott, Bruce (November 11, 2007). "Off the Rez". The New York Times . Retrieved August 1, 2011.
  12. ^ "StarTribune Books". Startribune.com. Retrieved 2013-09-23 .
  13. ^ Peterson, Nancy J. (2009). Conversations with Sherman Alexie. Jackson: University Printing of Mississippi. p. 58. ISBN 1604732806.
  14. ^ a b c d east Alexie, Sherman. "The Joy of Reading and Writing: Superman and Me." The Most Wonderful Books: Writers on Discovering the Pleasures of Reading.Minneapolis: Milkweed Editions, 1997. Print, 130.
  15. ^ a b "Rowdy in The Absolutely True Diary of a Office-Time Indian". www.shmoop.com . Retrieved 2016-11-07 .
  16. ^ a b Barcott, Bruce (November xi, 2007). "Off The Rez". The New York Times. New York City. Retrieved March ix, 2011.
  17. ^ Reyhan, Harmanci (September 30, 2007). "Sherman Alexie's new novel takes teen off the rez". San Francisco Chronicle. San Francisco: SFGate. Retrieved March 9, 2011.
  18. ^ "Civil Rights Book Club: The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Fourth dimension Indian". Civilrights.org. Oct ane, 2010. Retrieved 2015-04-15 .
  19. ^ Santos, Delia (October 1, 2010). "The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian". Retrieved March 9, 2011.
  20. ^ Fersch, Andrew (October 20, 2007). "Book Review: The Absolutle Truthful diary of a Part fourth dimension Indian". Vail Daily . Retrieved March 9, 2011.
  21. ^ a b c d Roen, Breanna (November 8, 2016). "The Absolutely Truthful Diary of a Part-Time Indian". Dakota Student . Retrieved November 15, 2016.
  22. ^ a b c d Samuels, Diane (October 3, 2008). "A Dauntless Life: The existent struggles of a Native American boy make an uplifting story, writes Diane Samuels". Review . Retrieved November 17, 2016 – via The Guardian.
  23. ^ a b c Talbert, Kevin (2012). "Using The Absolutely True Diary of a Office-Fourth dimension Indian To Teach About Racial Germination" (PDF). Journal of Curriculum Theorizing. 28: 266–271 – via Projection Muse.
  24. ^ a b Crandall, Bryan Ripley (2009). "Adding a Disability Perspective When Reading Adolescent Literature: Sherman Alexie's The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian". ALAN Review. 179: 71–78.
  25. ^ a b Goldstein, David (2009). "Sacred Hoop Dreams: Basketball in the Work of Sherman Alexie". Ethnic Studies Review. 32: 77–88. doi:10.1525/esr.2009.32.1.77.
  26. ^ a b c d e f Wayland, Nerida. "Representations of Happiness in Comedic Young Adult Fiction: Happy are the Wretched." Jeunesse: Young People, Texts, Cultures 7 (2015): 86+. Literature Resource Center; Gale. Web
  27. ^ Alexie, Sherman (2007). The Admittedly True Diary of a Part-Time Indian. Little, Chocolate-brown and Company. p. 15. ISBN978-0-316-01368-0.
  28. ^ "National Book Awards – 2007". National Book Foundation (NBF). Retrieved 2012-04-fifteen.
    (With credence oral communication by Alexie, interview with Alexie, and other cloth, partly replicated for all five Young People's Literature authors and books.)
  29. ^ Alter, Alexandra (March 28, 2018). "Canceled Deals and Pulped Books, as the Publishing Industry Confronts Sexual Harassment". Article . Retrieved March 30, 2018 – via The New York Times.
  30. ^ American Library Association (2008-01-xv). "2008 Superlative Ten Best Books for Young Adults". Young Adult Library Services Association (YALSA) . Retrieved 2021-03-07 . {{cite spider web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  31. ^ "Odyssey Award winners and laurels audiobooks, 2008-present". ALSC. ALA. Retrieved 2012-04-19.
  32. ^ "Winners". California Young Reader Medal. Archived from the original on 2011-05-27. Retrieved 2011-05-08 .
  33. ^ "SLJ's Best Books of 2007". Schoollibraryjournal.com. 2008-07-21. Retrieved 2012-04-xvi .
  34. ^ "Best Books for Young Adults". Immature Adult Library Services. 6 (3): xx–22. 2008.
  35. ^ "2009 Amazing Audiobooks for Young Adults". Young Adult Library Services. seven (iii): 30–31. 2009.
  36. ^ "Dade County removes novel from school library and reading listing". timesfreepress.com. Retrieved 2016-11-thirty.
  37. ^ Schaub, Michael (xiii April 2015). "The well-nigh banned and challenged books of 2014". LA Times . Retrieved 2016-11-thirty . {{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  38. ^ Fuller, Ruth (June 22, 2009). "Some Parents Seek to Ban 'The Absolutely True Diary of a Function-Time Indian". Retrieved 2016-11-30 .
  39. ^ a b c d due east f k h i j one thousand 50 "Banned Books." Marshall University Libraries, Marshall University, 2015, www.marshall.edu/library/bannedbooks/books/parttimeindian.asp. Accessed five Dec. 2017.
  40. ^ "Weston County School District #1". Schoolwebpages.com. Retrieved Nov 20, 2011.
  41. ^ a b c "Banning Sherman Alexie Book Does Not Help Students". American Civil Liberties Marriage of Washington. 2011-06-27. Retrieved 2016-12-06 .
  42. ^ a b "Book Ban Reversed: Sherman Alexie Novel Dorsum in Richland Classrooms". American Civil Liberties Union of Washington. 2011-07-xiii. Retrieved 2016-12-06 .
  43. ^ a b c "Censorship Dateline". Newsletter on Intellectual Freedom. 62: 51–52. 2013 – via EBSCO host.
  44. ^ a b Flood, Alison (2014-04-08). "Sherman Alexie young-developed book banned in Idaho schools". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2016-xi-30 .
  45. ^ Titus, Ron. "Marshall University Libraries - Banned Book - Sherman Alexie's The Admittedly True Diary of a Office-Fourth dimension Indian". www.marshall.edu . Retrieved 2016-12-02 .
  46. ^ "Brunswick County schoolhouse decides against banning book". WWAY TV3. 2014-07-fifteen. Retrieved 2016-xi-30 .
  47. ^ "Woman continues fighting to ban book in Brunswick County". WWAY TV3. 2014-07-20. Retrieved 2016-11-30 .
  48. ^ "Brunswick Co. Schools won't consider book challenge". WWAY TV3. 2015-04-27. Retrieved 2016-11-thirty .
  49. ^ "Hastings-on-Hudson Board of Instruction Meeting Dec. 21, 2020". YouTube. Archived from the original on 2021-12-05.
  50. ^ a b Alexie, Sherman (June 9, 2011). "Why the Best Kids Books Are Written in Blood". The Wall Street Journal . Retrieved July 12, 2011.
  51. ^ Vogt, Matthew T. (2016). "Designing a Reading Curriculum to Teach the Concept of Empathy to Middle Level Learners" (PDF). Voices from the Middle. 23 (iv): 38–45 – via ProQuest.
  52. ^ Rivera, Raquel. "Freedom to Read and the Stories we Need." Canadian Children's Book News 34, no. 4 (Fall; 2017/11, 2011): iv. http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?p=LitRC&sw=w&u=wash43584&5=two.ane&information technology=r&id=GALE%7CA273615915&asid=28535dccca028208db63bcfeb3580eb5.
  53. ^ a b c d Johnson, January. "Healing the Soul Wound in Flight and The Admittedly Truthful Diary of a Part-Time Indian." Healing the Soul Wound, by Eduardo Duran, Teachers College Press, 2006, 227.
  54. ^ a b Johnson, January (2010). "Healing the Soul Wound in Flight and The Admittedly True Diary of a Office-Time Indian". Sherman Alexie: A Collection of Critical Essays: 224–237.
  55. ^ Berglund, Jeff and Jan Roush. Sherman Alexie : A Collection of Critical Essays. Table salt Lake Urban center: University of Utah Press, 2010. /z-wcorg/. Web, 36.
  56. ^ Alexie, p.eleven
  57. ^ a b c d Maria Yellow Horse Brave Heart; Lemyra Thou. DeBruyn (1989). "The American Indian Holocaust: Healing Historical Unresolved Grief". American Indian and Alaska Native Mental Health Research. 8 (two): 56–78. PMID 9842066.
  58. ^ a b c d Rave, Jodi (September 27, 2008). "Author Puts Native Life in the Classroom". Rapid Urban center Journal. Tucows Domains Inc. Retrieved December 3, 2016.
  59. ^ Alexie, Sherman, and James Mellis. "Interview with Sherman Alexie." Children's Literature Review, edited by Jelena Krstovic, vol. 179, Gale, 2013. Literature Resources Center, link.galegroup.com/apps/dr./H1420112446/LitRC?u=wash43584&sid=LitRC&xid=33403b20. Accessed 5 Dec. 2017. Originally published in Conversations with Sherman Alexie, edited past Nancy J. Peterson, University Printing of Mississippi, 2009, pp. 180-186.
  60. ^ "Alexie, Sherman, Joseph (1966 )." American Indian Culture: From Counting Coup to Wampum, edited by Bruce East. Johansen, Greenwood, 1st edition, 2015. Ideology Reference, http://search.credoreference.com/content/entry/greenwoodtvc/alexie_sherman_joseph_1966/0?institutionId=702. Accessed 05 Dec 2017.
  61. ^ a b Crandall, Bryan Ripley (2009). "Adding a Disability Perspective When Reading Boyish Literature: Sherman Alexie's The Admittedly True Diary of a Part-Fourth dimension Indian". ALAN Review. 36 (2): 71–78. doi:10.21061/alan.v36i2.a.9. ProQuest 212246570.
  62. ^ a b c Jemtegaard, Kristi Elle (2008). "Audiobooks for Youth". Booklist. 104 (19/twenty): 122.

External links [edit]

  • "The Admittedly True Diary of a Part-Time Indian data visualization and analysis" (online and PDF). LitCharts.com. Retrieved 23 February 2017.
  • Scholastic's The Absolutely True Diary of a Function-Time Indian Didactics Guide. Retrieved 31 May 2017

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